This is very interesting, Heather. However, isn't it the case that the chickens are in a developmental period analogous, in human terms, to the growth-spurt of adolescence, with its naturally-accelerated anabolic effects? Hence one might expect excess calories to be used preferentially for muscle-building under these conditions. I'm not sure that one would typically see similar results in fully-grown human adults, absent artificial hormone supplementation, of course. There's quite a lot of evidence that much of the mass gained by typical drug-free adult trainers during "bulking" over-eating tends to be fat and extra hydration, and this is revealed by how much they have to shed to reach competition body-fat percentages; net gains in muscle mass are usually quite modest, but this of course can still look impressive when in a "ripped" low-fat state.
David
The best research I've seen on this to date is in chickens ... specifically meat
chickens, where the amount of food given (and the timing) results in moremuscle, even without exercise. It's an experiment I've done myself: using thesame breed. One batch, all the food they want (high protein). Another batch,only fed once a day, all they can eat (also high protein).The first batch gains WAY more muscle (but not fat). However, they are also far lesshealthy. The muscle they gain is weak (AKA "tender"). They get sickeasily too, and seem to be prone to heart disease. The second batchis way skinnier, but they act more like healthy chickens and live longer.My take on this is that muscle mass is in fact influenced by how oftenyou eat, plus how much protein. Just like the body builder magazines say.But that is NOT related to either health or "fitness". The healthiest animalsare insanely strong, but they have little muscle mass. Those skinny chimpsare stronger than the strongest man, but they don't have much musclemass. Deer can jump an 8 foot fence on those skinny little legs, too.
It might be that for free weight lifting, having more mass helps forbalance. And having more muscles looks good for competition.Otherwise, I think "lithe and strong" is a better goal. My opiniononly. Every time I see a body builder I see a meat chicken ...
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